![]() This stress leads to coping strategies performed by individuals to prevent further psychological disorders (Karabulutlu et al., 2010). ![]() The psychological side effects that may occur are including stress, anxiety, and depression. Preoperative chemotherapy is performed to reduce the size of the tumor that will be removed, while postoperative chemotherapy is performed to eliminate the remainder cancer cells (Prawirohardjo, 2010).Ĭhemotherapy leads to various physiological and psychological side effects. Chemotherapy is usually combined with surgery or radiotherapy. Over half of cancer patients are treated with chemotherapy, which a cancer treatment that uses chemical agents or medications for both localized and metastatic cancer.
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